
The referrerAdCreative behind Mount Rushmore holds nine intriguing secrets. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum planned a Hall of Records inside, never completed. Unforeseen rock flaws forced design adjustments. Dynamite use was precisely calculated to minimize damage. Borglum's vision extended beyond the faces. A massive sculpture was originally planned. These details shape the artwork's enduring impact and visual representation.
Secret 1: The Dreamer's Vision
The initial concept wasn't about immortalizing presidents at all. Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor behind Mount Rushmore, originally envisioned carving depictions of famous Western heroes like Buffalo Bill Cody and explorers like Lewis and Clark. This initial idea was scrapped in favor of honoring presidents who played significant roles in American history and development.
Secret 2: The Hall of Records
Borglum's ambitions extended beyond simply carving the faces. He planned a hidden "Hall of Records" behind Abraham Lincoln's head. This vault, accessible via a staircase, was intended to house important documents like the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, providing a time capsule for future civilizations. Sadly, Borglum's death in 1941 interrupted the project, but a scaled-down version was eventually completed in 1998. A titanium vault containing porcelain enamel panels with texts related to the history of Mount Rushmore and the US was placed in the incomplete hall.
Secret 3: The Presidential Picks
The selection of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt was deliberate and symbolic. Washington was chosen to represent the birth of the nation; Jefferson, its philosophical foundation; Lincoln, its preservation; and Roosevelt, its expansion and industrial progress. Each president's contribution reflected a crucial era in American history.
Secret 4: Dynamite's Dominance
Contrary to common belief, the carving wasn't primarily done with chisels. Over 90% of the mountain's rock was removed using dynamite! Skilled blasters carefully detonated small charges to shape the mountain, removing approximately 450,000 tons of rock. This process allowed for faster progress and more efficient removal of large quantities of granite.
Secret 5: Honeycomb Hazard
The granite of Mount Rushmore isn't entirely solid. It contains veins of quartz and pockets of minerals, creating a "honeycomb" structure in some areas. This presented a significant challenge during construction, as the unstable rock could crumble unexpectedly. Workers had to carefully inspect and reinforce the mountain to ensure the stability of the carvings.
Secret 6: A Family Affair
Gutzon Borglum didn't work alone. His son, Lincoln Borglum, played a vital role in the project, taking over as chief sculptor after his father's death. Lincoln oversaw the completion of the project, ensuring that his father's vision was brought to fruition. The entire Borglum family dedicated years to the monument's creation.
Secret 7: The Seventh Face Speculation
Throughout the years, there has been considerable speculation about adding a fifth face to Mount Rushmore. Various presidents, including Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy, have been suggested. However, no additions are planned, as the existing rock formation and environmental concerns pose significant challenges.
Secret 8: Jefferson's Shifting Location
Initially, Thomas Jefferson was intended to be on George Washington's right side. However, due to the poor quality of the rock in that location, the carving was started but then abandoned. Jefferson's face was then carved on Washington's left side, requiring the removal of a large amount of rock and a change in the overall design.
Secret 9: Preservation Efforts
Constant maintenance is crucial to preserving Mount Rushmore for future generations. Cracks in the granite are routinely filled, and the monument is carefully monitored for erosion. These ongoing efforts ensure that the presidential faces remain a powerful symbol of American history for centuries to come.
Quick Facts Summary Table
Here's a handy table summarizing some of the key facts discussed:
Fact |
Details |
---|
Original Concept |
Initially, Gutzon Borglum planned to carve Western heroes. |
Hall of Records |
A hidden vault was intended to house important US documents; a smaller version was completed in 1998. |
Rock Removal |
Dynamite was used to remove approximately 450,000 tons of rock. |
Jefferson's Placement |
Thomas Jefferson's face was initially started on Washington's right but moved due to poor rock quality. |
Exploring these nine secrets offers a deeper understanding of the artistry, ambition, and challenges involved in creating Mount Rushmore. It's more than just a monument; it's a testament to American history, perseverance, and the enduring power of a visionary's dream.